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Architecture as a profession is the practice of providing architectural services. The practice of architecture includes the planning, designing and oversight of a building's construction by an architect. Architectural services typically address both feasibility and cost for the builder, as well as function and aesthetics for the user.

In the 1440s, the Florentine architect, Alberti, wrote his di Re Aedificatoria, published in 1485, a year before the first edition of Vitruvius, with which he was already familiar.[2].[3] Alberti gives the earliest definition of the role of the architect. The architect is to be concerned firstly with the construction. This encompasses all the practical matters of site, of materials and their limitations and of human capabiliity. The second concern is "articulation"; the building must work and must please and suit the needs of those who use it. The third concern of the architect is aesthetics, both of proportion and of ornament.
The role of the architect, although constantly not evolving, has been central to the design and implementation of the environments in which people live. Architects must have the skills and knowledge to design, plan and oversee a diverse range of projects, from a small residence to a large stadium.

The work of an architect is an interdisciplinary field, drawing upon mathematics, science, art, technology, social sciences, politics and history, and often governed by the architect's personal approach or philosophy. Vitruvius, the earliest known architectural theorist, states: "Architecture is a science, arising out of many other sciences, and adorned with much and varied learning: by the help of which a judgement is formed of those works which are the result of other arts." He adds that an architect should be well versed in other fields of learning such as music and astronomy. [3]

There are seven areas of research findings in the field of architect:

1. Process innovation, driven by advances in technology and better management, is a new, significant distinguishing characteristic of leading architecture and engineering organizations and their clients in Europe, Asia, and the United States.

2. The architecture, engineering, and construction markets are increasingly competitive, which is changing the fundamental tenets of the design and construction economy. Competitive pressures are increasing productivity and changing financial benchmarks of firms in the study.

3. Intelligent and integrated buildings are becoming the norm; they require increasingly sophisticated architecture professional service delivery.

4. Globalization is forcing increased efficiency in the construction industry and is cited as lowering architecture professional service fees.

5. Speed-to-market is forcing new fields of collaboration in architecture, including advanced design-build models and more sophisticated forms of Internet project management and teaming models.

6. Building information modeling (BIM) is perceived as an important tool of change and competitive advantage in architect for organizations transforming the A/E/C industry.

7. Building lifecycle management solutions will improve process and open new service expansion doors for entrepreneurial firms and could further disperse and diversify their current offerings in architecture management.

Study participants characterized the construction industry as being fragmented with a multitude of design firms, contractors, owners, and suppliers. This fragmentation, inefficiency, and the resulting frustrations are driving behavioral changes, which often lead to innovation in the marketplace.

In the initial stages the architects were concerned with every aspect of construction and building, however in the last two decades their role has been streamlined and now they are involved in the aesthetics of building and construction, while engineers look into the technicalities of bringing a structure into being. Though modern day architects are in-charge of the look of a building, they have to keep one important thing in mind that they have to consider the everyday needs of people. They need to employ technology in a way to provide a livable environment.

Commercial architects
Commercial architects have been specifically trained to identify the aesthetic qualities of any space, along with the type of materials and modifications that are needed to enhance it. They have a keen eye for selecting and organizing materials, spaces and objects in a functional and visually pleasing way. In fact architects, in the field of commercial structures and building, are known to help you define what you need to build, presenting you with cost-saving options. It is their prime duty to trace the accurate combination of utility, style and price; thereby saving you time and money.

Usually architects go beyond just designing a structure, they involve themselves in every stage of construction, supervising every department, right from the exterior approach to the building to the landscaping; the interiors furniture and fixtures; basically everything from conception of ideas to planning and final implementation.

Residential architects
The primary task of an architect is to the artistic and grandiose look of the building; today this craft has taken on a more serious role in society. It goes beyond the appearance concentrating on the functional aspects, safety measures and economical constraints. Basically, it is about constructing something that is user-friendly, be it a residential complex, bungalow or a row house. Residential architects keep these factors in mind when designing home structures for people to live in.

Once all the permissions are legalized and sanctioned, the residential architects have a firm ground on which they can tread. With all specifications provided they begin to design the residential complex. However, their job does not end there, they look into every aspect of construction till the building is not complete. Apart from that incase of any repair work that is required over the years, they are the first to be consulted so that no major damage is done.

Retail architects
During the learning stage, architects are taught about every areas of specialization, it is after their graduation that they select which area or areas they would want to grow into. One such specific branch of architecture is that of retail outlets. Basically, the retail architects take up assignments for constructing retail structures and buildings. These could be malls, departmental stores, shopping complexes, restaurants, hotels, coffee houses, etc.
The difference between residential and retail architecture is that the former is involved in constructing homes with multiple rooms where people will live and the latter is about constructing comfortable structures that should be able to entice people to visit as often as need be. So to speak, the look of a shop, boutique or restaurant is what allures the customers and clients initially and if the service and products are upto the mark then you have won them over.

Usually retail architects lend further services going beyond the basic construction of the building or structure. They help in the interior designing and decoration too. Some even take up the task of doing up the interiors instead of employing other specialists in this area. This is a better option because when visualizing the retail outlet, the architect tends to create a picture of the interiors too.

Interiors architects
The basic similarities between interior designers and interiors architects are:

They both are interior specialists of the constructed environment.
They both design internal spaces using a process that involves space-planning, selection of material, services and expected use of space.

Keeping these similarities in mind there are fundamental differences between the two professions. These being:

Interior designers tend to visualize space in terms of technical drawings and computer-aided design; and for them color selection, material specifications and costing are of prime importance. On the other hand an interior architect is trained to focus on space-planning, conservation and relating the interiors with the external architectural aspects.
Interior designers take up assignments in the retail and residential sector; whereas architects of the interiors work mainly for the commercial sector.

Interiors architects are basically specialists in the internal forms of a building. They are trained visualization and drawing skills, which includes other aspects such as architectural drawing, rendering, model making and computer packages such as 2D and 3D CAD, Architectural Desktop, Photoshop and 3D Studio Max.

The fact is that of all the specialist areas in the building industry this is one of utmost responsibility as it has an immediate impact on its users. In general the interior specialist is trained to work on projects ranging from residences to the large commercial projects such as shopping malls, office buildings and international hotels.

Urban Planning & Design architects
Urban planning and design architects deal with designing and constructing structures from the municipal and metropolitan viewpoint. According to historic texts, Hippodamus of Greece is considered the father of city planning, for his design of Miletus. According to Indian history books urban planning and design architecture is not a new profession. In fact such architects were responsible for the construction of the Harappan and Indus Valley Civilization, which is considered an ideal in city construction till this date.
Apart from what is already mismanaged, urban planning and design architects have to keep in mind the nagging issue increasing urban population. The urban planners and designers have to keep in mind the need for homes and commercial properties, along with maintaining the natural, artistic and historic heritage of the city. They also are involved in planning for pedestrians and other modes of traffic, utilities and natural hazards, such as flood zones and earthquake prone areas.

Urban planning and design is not just about putting into structured order the concrete buildings and constructions; or planning a regulated transportation system that includes the railway and roadways. It goes further, as it also encompasses planning and creating green spots that is needed to deal with the growing pollution hazards. Adding as much greenery into a concrete jungle will promote better health standards of the inhabitants.

Landscape architects
Before understanding the role of landscape architects, it is important to understand what is landscape architecture. Basically this is the art, planning, design, management, preservation and rehabilitation of land. The services of an architect specializing in landscaping could be used in architectural design, site planning and development, environmental restoration, urban planning, park and recreation planning and historic preservation.

The architects specializing in the area of landscaping take up projects and assignments that include:

Developing green zones in new areas
Creating aesthetic parkways and gardens for private public buildings and structures
Designing for schools, colleges, hospitals and hotels
Creating exquisite and attractive landscaping for public parks
Designing golf courses
Bringng greenery onto the highways and bridges and other transportation structures
Preservation and landscaping of historic monuments.

Those specializing in this area of architecture are not only adept with designing for the exterior space, but also they have more or less complete knowledge of plants and the natural environment. This helps them work in the fields of horticulture, forestry, nature conservation and agriculture.